Base line small cell base station In cellular networks, to meet the increasing demand of high-data-rate for wireless applications, small cell BSs provide a promising and feasible approach but that consumes more power. The base line of small cell BSs is shown in Fig. 1.
In , Yang et al. proposed light sleep and deep sleep for cellular BSs according to the URs available in the BSs coverage area. But introducing sleeping strategies in small cell as well as 5G small cell BSs are not enough to minimize more power consumption and maximize more power saving i.e., higher energy efficiency.
During the active state small cell BS consumes 100 % power. When there is no UR waiting in the queue, the small cell BS switches from active to multiple short sleep state until there are at least N requests waiting in queue. As some of the components are switched off during this state, the power consumption is reduced to 50 %.
As the arrival rate \ ( (\lambda )\) of UR increases, the most energy consuming components (the radio frequency (RF) transmitter and the temperature compensated crystal oscillators (TCXO) heaters) in small cell BS continuously serve the URs, which increase the expected power consumption (E (P)) in the small cell BS.
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