Aiming at minimizing the base station (BS) energy consumption under low and medium load scenarios, the 3GPP recently completed a Release 18 study on energy saving techniques for 5G NR BSs . A broad range of techniques was evaluated in terms of the obtained network energy saving (NES) gain and their impact to the user-perceived throughput (UPT).
Notably, China, Korea, and the US are vigorously engaged in this field, specifically related to the 5G network. This review paper identifies the possible potential solutions for reducing the energy consumption of the networks and discusses the challenges so that more accurate and valid measures could be designed for future research.
To properly examine an energy-optimised network, it is very crucial to select the most suitable EE metric for 5G networks. EE is the ratio of transmitted bits for every joule of energy expended. Therefore, while measuring it, different perspectives need to be considered such as from the network or user’s point of view.
5G cellular network operates on a millimetre wave spectrum i.e., between 28GHz-60GHz along with LTE. Certain unlicensed frequencies such as 3.5 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 26 GHz are also being explored for fulfilling demands of high throughput and capacity [4, 5, 6].
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5G technology manufacturers face a challenge. With the demand for 5G coverage accelerating, it’s a race to build and deploy base-station components and antenna mast …
The number of 5G base stations has reached 5.94 million, and the number of 5G users is over 1.87 billion. To deal with the high energy consumption, telecom operators are …
To further explore the energy-saving potential of 5 G base stations, this paper proposes an energy-saving operation model for 5 G base stations that incorporates …
The 5G bandwidth is more than 5 times that of 4G, and the outdoor equipment is mainly 64/32 channel Massive MIMO equipment with high complexity, resulting in extremely high power …
Compared to its predecessor, 4G, the energy demand from 5G base stations has massively grown owing to new technical requirements needed to support higher data rates …
In today’s 5G era, the energy efficiency (EE) of cellular base stations is crucial for sustainable communication. Recognizing this, Mobile Network Operators are actively prioritizing EE for …
Base stations are the core of mobile communication, and with the rise of 5G, thermal and energy challenges are increasing. This article explains the definition, structure, …
The energy-saving system components of the base station utilize the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures to form heat exchange, relying on a large …
The 5G base station energy-saving strategic plan combines 5G energy-saving with AI artificial intelligence to improve the prediction accuracy for each community and different …
5G is the next generation of wireless communication tech-nology that will significantly improve network bandwidth and decrease latency. There are two key wireless …
Explore how 5G base stations are built—from site planning and cabinet installation to power systems and cooling solutions. Learn the …
Ericsson is claiming a world-first in a proof-of-concept that used laser beam technology to power a 5G base station completely wirelessly, …
In previous research on 5 G wireless networks, the optimization of base station deployment primarily relied on human expertise, simulation software, and algorithmic …
In order to solve the poor heat dissipation in the outdoor mobile communication base station, especially in summer, high temperature alarm phenomenon occurs frequently, …
Due to the high propagation loss and blockage-sensitive characteristics of millimeter waves (mmWaves), constructing fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks involves deploying …
The number of 5G base stations (BSs) has soared in recent years due to the exponential growth in demand for high data rate mobile communication traffic from various …
Reports on the Increasing Energy Consumption of Wireless Systems and Digital Ecosystem The more we use wireless electronic devices, the more …
Aiming at minimizing the base station (BS) energy consumption under low and medium load scenarios, the 3GPP recently completed a Release 18 study on energy saving …
The base station in a 5G network is designed to provide high data rates, low latency, massive device connectivity, and improved …
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